一個呼吸的距離

腎臟囊腫的原因: 老化(50歲以上，每8人就有一人)、遺傳(顯性)、不明原因。

腎臟囊腫一年可以會長0.4公分。

腎臟囊腫到底要不要去處理?

1. 現在的治療原則，不是根據公分數大小去決定，而是要看是否有症狀或併發症；

2. 所謂症狀: 痠痛、不舒服；併發症: 出血、蛋白尿、感染(不明發燒)、腎功能下降、局部壓迫造成腎水腫(hydronephrosis)(長在輸尿管開口的位置，進而壓迫到輸尿管，造成腎臟積水)、甚至結石。

Ref: 

1. https://heho.com.tw/archives/55418

2. 尿路快意通

@超音波下的變化 (ref: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/renal-cyst-1)

• uncomplicated renal cyst
  • well-marginated anechoic lesion with thin walls
  • a few thin septa may be present (5% of cysts)
  • the back wall should be visible
  • posterior acoustic enhancement may be present, although this finding is non-specific and also may not be seen with smaller cysts
  • a small amount of intracystic hemorrhage/debris may be present, and may require further evaluation (5% of cysts)
• complicated cyst
  • cystic lesions with thickened or irregular walls or septa are suspicious for renal cell carcinoma and warrant further work up
  • vascularity of the septa on color or spectral Doppler is suspicious for renal cell carcinoma